Question: April is Autism Awareness Month, and while I've heard the word used a lot, I don't know exactly what it means. Can you tell us a general definition of autism? –Diana
From KidsHealth:
Although most people have heard of autism, few of us actually understand what the disorder is all about. That’s because autism is a complex neurobiological condition that affects many abilities: communication, social interaction, cognitive function (learning), and behavior. The disorder is part of a group of conditions called “autism spectrum disorders” (ASDs) or “pervasive developmental disorders.”
The disabilities of children with ASDs can range from mild to very severe. Those with the most debilitating forms have difficulty talking, communicating with others, and understanding the world around them. Others with milder cases, sometimes called “high-functioning autism” or Asperger syndrome, usually have normal intelligence and better language skills, but still may have odd speech patterns, trouble interpreting language, and difficulty in social situations.
The signs of ASDs are usually recognizable before a child is 3 years old. Children with milder forms may not be diagnosed until they are older. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends pediatricians look for subtle signs that suggest the possibility of autism at every visit and conduct formal screening for ASD at 18 and 24 months, or whenever there is concern.
Early signs include:
- delays in developmental milestones or loss of milestones already achieved
- not using or understanding language (except for Asperger syndrome)
- trouble interacting, playing with, or relating to others
- avoiding eye contact; not looking at people
- inability to call attention to an object and point to it
- using unusual movements, such as hand flapping, spinning, or tapping
Although there's no cure for ASDs, many treatments can improve a child’s behavior, communication, and social skills. They include speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, and educational and behavioral interventions. Medications can be given to treat certain symptoms, like aggressive or obsessive-compulsive behavior, lack of focus, and mood swings.
The earlier an ASD is diagnosed, the better. Early intervention can improve a child’s abilities and help kids with autism reach their fullest potential.
Related KidsHealth articles:
Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Asperger Syndrome
Delayed Speech or Language Development
Do you have a child with autism? How do you learn the best ways to parent your child with special needs?